Compare Bahrain (2003) - Holy See (Vatican City) (2008)

Compare Bahrain (2003) z Holy See (Vatican City) (2008)

	Bahrain (2003)	Holy See (Vatican City) (2008)

Administrative divisions	12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah note: all municipalities administered from Manama	none
Age structure	0-14 years: 28.8% (male 97,294; female 94,930) 15-64 years: 68% (male 266,351; female 187,473) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 10,807; female 10,383) (2003 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish	-
Airports	4 (2002)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 2 1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2002)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 665 sq km land: 665 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	3.5 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In October 2002, Bahrainis elected members of the lower house of Bahrain's reconstituted bicameral legislature, the National Assembly.	Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the environment, the Middle East, China, the decline of religion in Europe, terrorism, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.
Birth rate	19.02 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $1.8 billion expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $700 million (2002 est.)	revenues: $310 million expenditures: $307 million (2006)
Capital	Manama	name: Vatican City geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 27 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers	temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)
Coastline	161 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	adopted late December 2000; Bahrani voters approved on 13-14 February 2001 a referendum on legislative changes (revised constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary)	new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain conventional short form: Bahrain local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn local short form: Al Bahrayn former: Dilmun	conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)
Currency	Bahraini dinar (BHD)	-
Death rate	3.99 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Debt - external	$3.7 billion (2002)	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Ronald E. NEUMANN embassy: Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 321, Zinj District, Manama mailing address: American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama telephone: [973] 273-300 FAX: [973] 272-594	chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Ann GLENDON embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 575-8346
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Khalifa bin Ali bin Rashid AL KHALIFA chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0741 FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192 consulate(s) general: New York	chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Pietro SAMBI chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from each of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Kuwait (2002)	-
Economy - overview	In Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil granted as aid. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems.	This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world; by the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; by fees for admission to museums; and by the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.
Electricity - consumption	5.819 billion kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy
Electricity - production	6.257 billion kWh (2001)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m	lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m
Environment - current issues	desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Climate Change signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups	Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%	Italians, Swiss, other
Exchange rates	Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.38 (2002), 0.38 (2001), 0.38 (2000), 0.38 (1999), 0.38 (1998)	euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969) head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since NA 1971) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch	chief of state: Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006) cabinet: Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI
Exports	NA (2001)	-
Exports - commodities	petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles	-
Exports - partners	US 4.5%, India 3.2%, Saudi Arabia 2.1% (2002)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	red with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam	two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $9.91 billion (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 35% services: 64% (2001 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $15,100 (2002 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	2.9% (2002 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	26 00 N, 50 33 E	41 54 N, 12 27 E
Geography - note	close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean	landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)
Heliports	1 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 3,261 km paved: 2,531 km unpaved: 730 km (2000)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	NA (2001)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy
Imports - commodities	crude oil, machinery, chemicals	-
Imports - partners	Saudi Arabia 30.1%, US 11.7%, Japan 7.1%, Germany 6.5%, UK 5.6% (2002)	-
Independence	15 August 1971 (from UK)	11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century
Industrial production growth rate	2% (2000 est.)	-
Industries	petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism	printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities
Infant mortality rate	total: 18.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 21.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	0.5% (2002 est.)	-
International organization participation	ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	CE (observer), CPLP (associate), IAEA, IOM (observer), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO (observer), UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	50 sq km (1998 est.)	0 sq km
Judicial branch	High Civil Appeals Court	there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946
Labor force	295,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (1998 est.)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	industry, commerce, and service 79%, government 20%, agriculture 1% (1997 est.)	note: essentially services with a small amount of industry; nearly all dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and the approximately 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km
Land use	arable land: 4.35% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 91.3% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Languages	Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu	Italian, Latin, French, various other languages
Legal system	based on Islamic law and English common law	based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members directly elected to serve four-year terms) elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held NA 2006) election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10 note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002	unicameral Pontifical Commission for the State of Vatican City
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.72 years male: 71.28 years female: 76.24 years (2003 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89.1% male: 91.9% female: 85% (2003 est.)	definition: NA total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%
Location	Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia	Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)
Map references	Middle East	Europe
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined territorial sea: 12 NM	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 234,599 GRT/336,528 DWT ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 1, container 2, petroleum tanker 1, includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Italy; ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss Guard
Military branches	Bahrain Defense Forces (BDF) comprising Ground Force (includes Air Defense), Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Police Force, Amiri Guards, National Guard	Pontifical Swiss Guard (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$526.2 million (FY01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	6.7% (FY01)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 222,242 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 121,739 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	15 years of age (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 6,126 (2003 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection	Coronation Day of Pope BENEDICT XVI, 24 April (2005)
Nationality	noun: Bahraini(s) adjective: Bahraini	noun: none adjective: none
Natural hazards	periodic droughts; dust storms	NA
Natural resources	oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls	none
Net migration rate	1.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	-
Pipelines	gas 20 km; oil 53 km (2003)	-
Political parties and leaders	political parties prohibited but politically oriented societies are allowed	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically in 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active	none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)
Population	667,238 note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)	821 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	1.61% (2003 est.)	0% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 2 (2004)
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30%	Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.42 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.04 male(s)/female total population: 1.28 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	limited to cardinals less than 80 years old
Telephone system	general assessment: modern system domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones international: tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997)	general assessment: automatic digital exchange domestic: connected via fiber optic cable to Telecom Italia network international: country code - 39; uses Italian system
Telephones - main lines in use	152,000 (1997)	5,120 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	58,543 (1997)	-
Television broadcast stations	4 (1997)	1 (2005)
Terrain	mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment	urban; low hill
Total fertility rate	2.71 children born/woman (2003 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	15% (1998 est.)	-
Waterways	none	-

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